-
1 éparpiller
éparpiller [epaʀpije]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verb( = disperser) to scatter ; [+ efforts, talent] to dissipate2. reflexive verba. [feuilles, foule] to scatterb. [personne]* * *epaʀpije
1.
verbe transitif lit to scatter; fig to fail to concentrate [forces, attention]
2.
s'éparpiller verbe pronominal [cendres, foule] to scatter* * *epaʀpije vt1) [objets] to scatter2) (pour répartir) [personnes] to disperse3) fig, [efforts] to dissipate* * *éparpiller verb table: aimerA vtr1 lit to scatter [personnes, feuilles]; famille éparpillée aux quatre coins du monde family scattered all over the world;2 fig to fail to concentrate [forces, attention].B s'éparpiller vpr1 [cendres, foule] to scatter;2 [personne] to take on too much; [conversation] to wander.[eparpije] verbe transitif1. [disperser - lettres, graines] to scatter ; [ - troupes, famille] to disperse2. [dissiper - attention, forces] to dissipate————————s'éparpiller verbe pronominal intransitif2. [disperser son énergie] to dissipate one's energies -
2 émietter
émietter [emjete]➭ TABLE 1 transitive verb[+ pain, terre] to crumble* * *emjete
1.
1) to crumble [pain, motte de terre]2) to split [something] up [domaine, fortune]3) to dissipate [forces, activités]; to fritter away [temps]
2.
s'émietter verbe pronominal1) [pain, roche] to crumble2) [pouvoir] to crumble3) [héritage] to be split up* * *emjete vt(= pain, terre) to crumble* * *émietter verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( réduire en miettes) to crumble [pain, biscuit, motte de terre];2 ( morceler) to split [sth] up [domaine, territoire, fortune];B s'émietter vpr1 ( tomber en miettes) [pain, roche] to crumble;2 ( perdre son unité) [parti, pouvoir] to crumble;3 ( se morceler) [héritage] to be split up.[emjete] verbe transitif2. [morceler - propriété] to break up (separable)————————s'émietter verbe pronominal intransitif[pain] to crumble[pouvoir] to ebb[fortune] to gradually disappear, to be frittered away -
3 courant admissible, m
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > courant admissible, m
-
4 courant permanent admissible, m
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > courant permanent admissible, m
-
5 disperser
disperser [dispεʀse]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. [+ papiers, feuilles, foule, cendres de qn] to scatter ; [+ brouillard] to disperse ; [+ collection] to break up2. reflexive verb• ne vous dispersez pas trop ! don't attempt to do too many things at once!* * *dispɛʀse
1.
verbe transitif to scatter [objets, famille]; to disperse [foule, fumée]; to break up [rassemblement, collection]
2.
se disperser verbe pronominal [famille, fumée] to disperse; [foule, manifestants] ( volontairement) to disperse; ( par nécessité) to scatter; [rassemblement] to break up* * *dispɛʀse vt1) [objets, débris] to scatter2)disperser ses efforts — to spread o.s. thin
3) [manifestants, foule] to disperseLa police a dispersé les manifestants. — The police dispersed the demonstrators.
* * *disperser verb table: aimerA vtr to scatter [objets, documents, cendres, famille]; to disperse [foule, manifestants, fumée]; to break up [rassemblement, collection]; disperser ses efforts or forces to spread oneself too thinly; disperser son attention to lack concentration.B se disperser vpr [famille] to disperse, to scatter; [foule, manifestants] ( volontairement) to disperse; ( par nécessité) to scatter; [fumée] to disperse; [rassemblement] to break up; [attention, esprit] to wander; nos efforts se sont trop dispersés, nous nous sommes trop dispersés we spread ourselves too thinly.[dispɛrse] verbe transitif1. [répandre - cendres, graines] to scatter3. [efforts] to dissipate[attention] to divide5. [troupes] to spread out (separable)————————se disperser verbe pronominal intransitif3. [dans son travail] to tackle too many things at once -
6 dissiper
dissiper [disipe]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. [+ soupçon, crainte] to dispel ; [+ malentendu] to clear up2. reflexive verbb. [élève] to misbehave* * *disipe
1.
verbe transitif to dispel [doute, illusion, fatigue]; to clear up [malentendu]; to disperse [fumée]; to distract [personne]
2.
se dissiper verbe pronominal1) ( disparaître) [menace] to recede; [illusion, doute, malaise] to vanish; [malentendu] to be cleared up; [brume] to clear2) ( s'agiter) [élève] to behave badly* * *disipe vt1) [vapeurs, brouillard] to clear2) [soupçons, malaise] to dispel3) [fortune] to squander, to fritter away* * *dissiper verb table: aimerA vtr to dispel [menace, doute, illusion, fatigue, malaise]; to clear up [malentendu]; to disperse [fumée]; to squander [patrimoine]; to distract [personne].B se dissiper vpr1 ( disparaître) [menace] to recede; [illusion, doute] to vanish; [fatigue] to wear off; [malaise] to vanish, to wear off; [malentendu] to be cleared up; [brume] to clear;2 ( s'agiter) [élève] to grow restless.[disipe] verbe transitif1. [nuages, brouillard, fumée] to disperse[malentendu] to clear up (separable)[crainte, inquiétude] to dispel————————se dissiper verbe pronominal intransitif1. [orage] to blow over[fumée] to disperse -
7 s'éparpiller
epaʀpije vpr/vi[feuilles] to scatter, fig to dissipate one's efforts
См. также в других словарях:
dissipate — dis si*pate (d[i^]s s[i^]*p[=a]t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Dissipated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Dissipating}.] [L. dissipatus, p. p. of dissipare; dis + an obsolete verb sipare, supare. to throw.] 1. To scatter completely; to disperse and cause to… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
dissipate — dis·si·pate / di sə ˌpāt/ vt pat·ed, pat·ing: to use (marital assets) for one s own benefit and to the exclusion of one s spouse for a purpose unrelated to the marriage at a time when the marriage is undergoing an irretrievable breakdown… … Law dictionary
dissipate — [v1] expend, spend be wasteful with, blow*, burn up*, consume, deplete, dump*, fritter away, indulge oneself, kiss goodbye*, lavish, misspend, misuse, run through, squander, throw away, trifle away, use up, waste; concepts 156,169 Ant. accumulate … New thesaurus
Dissipate — Dis si*pate, v. i. 1. To separate into parts and disappear; to waste away; to scatter; to disperse; to vanish; as, a fog or cloud gradually dissipates before the rays or heat of the sun; the heat of a body dissipates. [1913 Webster] 2. To be… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
dissipate — (v.) early 15c., from L. dissipatus, pp. of dissipare to spread abroad, scatter, disperse; squander, disintegrate, from dis apart (see DIS (Cf. dis )) + supare to throw, scatter, from PIE *swep to throw, sling, cast (Cf. Lit. supu to swing, rock … Etymology dictionary
dissipate — 1 dispel, disperse, *scatter Analogous words: disintegrate, crumble (see DECAY): *separate, part, divide: deliquesce, melt (see LIQUEFY) Antonyms: accumulate (possessions, wealth, a mass of things): absorb (one s energies, one s attention):… … New Dictionary of Synonyms
dissipate — ► VERB 1) be or cause to be dispelled or dispersed. 2) waste (money, energy, or resources). DERIVATIVES dissipative adjective dissipator (also dissipater) noun. ORIGIN Latin dissipare scatter … English terms dictionary
dissipate — [dis′ə pāt΄] vt. dissipated, dissipating [ME dissipaten < L dissipatus, pp. of dissipare, to scatter < dis , apart + supare, to throw < IE base * swep > Sans svapū, broom, LowG swabbeln, to SWAB] 1. to break up and scatter; dispel;… … English World dictionary
dissipate — UK [ˈdɪsɪpeɪt] / US [ˈdɪsɪˌpeɪt] verb Word forms dissipate : present tense I/you/we/they dissipate he/she/it dissipates present participle dissipating past tense dissipated past participle dissipated formal 1) [intransitive/transitive] to… … English dictionary
dissipate — dissipater, dissipator, n. dissipative, adj. dissipativity /dis euh peuh tiv i tee/, n. /dis euh payt /, v., dissipated, dissipating. v.t. 1. to scatter in various directions; disperse; dispel. 2. to spend or use wastefully or extravagantly;… … Universalium
dissipate — verb /ˈdɪsəpeɪt/ a) To drive away, disperse. So much for the effort and ingenuity of Montmartre. All the catering to vice and waste was on an utterly childish scale, and he suddenly realized the meaning of the word dissipate to dissipate into… … Wiktionary
